Newly identified subpopulation of NK cells with the promise to treat obesity and insulin resistance

Immune cells reside in organs under physiological conditions and serve as important regulators of tissue homeostasis and metabolism in lean individuals. On the other hand, coupled to overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle, these give rise to chronic, low-grade tissue inflammation (metaflammation), which contributes to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.

The cellular network of metaflammation is complex and not completely understood. Although studies in obese mouse models have recently revealed the general importance of NK cells for metaflammation, the details remained unclear.

Our scientists have identified a unique, previously uncharacterized subpopulation of myeloid NK cells in obese mice and humans, whose selective ablation in mice prevents obesity and insulin resistance upon high-fat diet feeding.

They have also identified IL6/Stat3 signaling as a critical determinant for formation and recruitement of this specific sub-population, and in the establishment of obesity and the associated insulin resistance.

Moreover, a number of genes that are uniquely upregulated in this subpopulation has been identified. This opens the door for selective immunotherapeutic targeting as a treatment option in humans, by either targeting one of these markers or in a combinatory approach by targeting NK cell marker and a myeloid marker.

Depletion of the myeloid NK-cells reduces obesity and improves metabolism in HFD fed mice

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.018

PCT application was filed on 24.04.2018 (EP18/060509)